200x - Week 3 The Dick & Carey Model
Overview
&
10 Steps
This instructional design model was developed by Walter Dick and Lou Carey in the 1970s. It emphasizes a structured approach to designing instruction that is learner-centered and outcome-focused. It prescribes a methodology based on a reductionist model of breaking instruction down into smaller components (chunking). The approach emphasizes the interconnections among various components of the design process.
Four essential components that drive the instructional design process include:
Learning Context (Classroom Environment); Content/Subject Area; Learners' Behaviors
and Instructional Strategies/Techniques.
The TEN steps include:
1) Identify Instructional Goals/ Needs Assessment
2) Conduct Instructional Analysis / Goal Analysis
3) Identify Entry Behaviors / Analyze Learners & Context
4) Write Performance Objectives / Design phase
5) Develop Assessment Instruments
6) Develop Instructional Strategy
7) Develop and Select Instructional Materials
8) Design and Conduct Formative Evaluation
9) Revise Instruction
10) Conduct Summative Evaluation
Implications for IDs
The systematic approach can help designers by ensuring that instructional materials are well-organized and focused on achieving specific learning outcomes.
The Iterative Design supports instructional designers' ability to gather feedback from formative evaluations and make improvements to the instruction before final implementation.
Because the model is flexible, designers can adapt the model to suit the needs of different learners and instructional situations.
The complexity of the model will require a significant investment of time and resources from the designers and the instructors/experts.
Because it is resource-intensive, designers may have to identify another model that is better suited for smaller organizations or those with limited resources.
Strengths
The model's strengths lie in its systematic approach, alignment, and flexibility, as well as its iterative design. The systematic and structured approach to instructional design emphasizes careful analysis, clear objectives, and alignment between instructional components. The alignment refers to its strong emphasis on ensuring that instructional objectives, assessments, and materials are closely matched. The flexibility accommodates a variety of instructional contexts and subjects and allows designers to adapt the model to suit the needs of different learners and instructional situations. Its iterative design allows for continuous improvement and refinement of instructional materials.
Limitations
Its limitations include complexity, resource-intensiveness, and potential rigidity. The complexity of the model can make it time-consuming to develop, and may require a significant investment of time and resources. It is resource-intensive since it may require access to various resources, including subject matter experts, technology, and assessment tools. The model overemphasizes analysis in the early stage and may lead to an extended design phase and potential delay. It is also not ideal for all instructional situations. Some projects may require a more agile or rapid development approach.